Carbon capture, climate models and technologies for cooling the planet.
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A study in The Innovation, based on a century of observations and model experiments, links the Atlantic Niño's effect on winter ENSO to tropical sea surface temperature gradients.
Long-term records from the La Selva and El Verde field stations show more extreme heat days by 2024, while rainfall trends differ between the two sites, the authors report.
Measurements from a research cruise show that Subantarctic Mode Water and Antarctic Intermediate Water enrich in nutrients differently as they move north for decades.
Models of mantle flow over the past billion years predict long uplift, then subsidence, of Laurentia, Baltica and North China. The authors say this fits the gap in the geological record.
Satellite records since 2001 show planted forests in temperate regions burned more often and over larger areas, but the effect varied by biome, from a near-threefold rise to an 18% drop.
Multi-year measurements in four ocean regions show that precipitation below cloud base depends on cloud type, not only on liquid water content.
Isotope data point to an organic carbon source, likely delivered by deep-sea landslides. The authors propose that earthquakes sustain carbonate formation in the hadal zone, which they treat as a carbon sink.
Oxygen isotopes in 121 limpet shells from Greece's Franchthi site found no extreme cold and no significant link between temperature and diet.
A modeling-based review of hydrogen export projects in North Africa, Chile and Australia finds water withdrawal far above the stoichiometric nine litres per kilogram.
A modelling study covering 854 cities in 30 countries attributes about 65% of estimated summer heat-related excess deaths to human-caused climate warming.
Analysis of 12,813 DNA sequences points to hidden diversity in at least one-fifth of recognized taxa; most complexes are projected to lose over 50% of suitable habitat by 2070.
A Nature Communications study of 100 simulations found that AMOC weakening first deepens the North Atlantic cold anomaly, then lets it fade, driven by air and clouds.
KNMI analysed CMIP6 simulations extending to 2300–2500: the share of runs with AMOC failure by 2300 is 25–70%, depending on emissions. These are shares of model runs, not a forecast.
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